Browsing by Author "Asio, Juliet"
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Item HIV drug resistance among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda(Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2021) Watera, Christine; Ssemwanga, Deogratius; Namayanja, Grace; Asio, Juliet; Lutalo, Tom; Namale, Alice; Sanyu, Grace; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Gonzalez-Salazar, Jesus Fidel; Nazziwa, Jamirah; Nanyonjo, Maria; Raizes, Elliot; Kabuga, Usher; Mwangi, Christina; Kirungi, Wilford; Musinguzi, Joshua; Mugagga, Kaggwa; Katongole Mbidde, Edward; Kaleebu, PontianoWHO revised their HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) monitoring strategy in 2014, enabling countries to generate nationally representative HIVDR prevalence estimates from surveys conducted using this methodology. In 2016, we adopted this strategy in Uganda and conducted an HIVDR survey among adults initiating or reinitiating ART. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years initiating or reinitiating ART was conducted at 23 sites using a two-stage cluster design sampling method. Participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment. Whole blood collected in EDTA vacutainer tubes was used for preparation of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens or plasma. Samples were shipped from the sites to the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) for temporary storage before transfer to the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) for genotyping. Prevalence of HIVDR among adults initiating or reinitiating ART was determined.Item Survival and associated factors among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda(CrossMark, 2018) Asio, Juliet; Kamulegeya, Adriane; Banura, CecilyAbstract Background: Despite improvements in diagnosis and patient management, survival and prognostic factors of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown in most of Sub Saharan Africa. Objective: To establish survival and associated factors among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated at Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients seen at our centre from January 1st 2002 to December 31st 2011. Survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier method and comparison between associated variables made using Log rank-test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent predictors of survival. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 384 patients (229 males and 155 females) were included in this analysis. The overall mean age was 55.2 (SD 4.1) years. The 384 patients studied contributed a total of 399.17 person-years of follow-up. 111 deaths were observed, giving an overall death rate of 27.81 per 100 person-years [95% CI; 22.97–32.65]. The two-year and five-year survival rates were 43.6% (135/384) and 20.7% (50/384), respectively. Tumours arising from the lip had the best five-year survival rate (100%), while tumours arising from the floor of the mouth, alveolus and the gingiva had the worst prognosis with five-year survival rates of 0%, 0% and 15.9%, respectively. Independent predictors of survival were clinical stage (p = 0.001), poorly differentiated histo-pathological grade (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.001), age > 55 years at time of diagnosis (p = 0.02) and moderately differentiated histo-pathological grade (p = 0.027). However, tobacco & alcohol consumption, tumour location and treatment group were not associated with survival (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The five-year survival rate of OSCC was poor at 20.7%. Male gender, late clinical stage at presentation, poor histo-pathological types and advanced age were independent prognostic factors of survival. Early detection through screening and prompt treatment could improve survival. Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Uganda, Survival, Clinical-pathological presentation