Browsing by Author "Aliero, Adamu A."

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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Detection of Meca Gene in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis Isolated from Wards Surfaces of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda
    (Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology, 2020) Adam, Abubakar S.; Micheni, Lisa; Onkoba, Sarah K.; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Aliero, Adamu A.; Namatovu, Alice
    Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram positive, coagulase-negative staphylococcus that frequently causes device- or surgery-associated nosocomial infections worldwide. Drug-resistant strains such as methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (DR-SE) have been reported with serious clinical implications. Objectives: This study determined the percentage of S. epidermidis from wards surfaces of Kampala International University-Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH), the drug susceptibility patterns of the isolates and searched for mecA gene among Cefoxitin resistant isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred sixty-three (363) swab samples were collected from floors, door knobs and walls from different wards. S. epidermidis was identified after subjecting the samples to five tests including growth on mannitol salt agar, catalase, coagulase, Desferrioxamine and Fosfomycin tests. Susceptibility patterns of all the S. epidermidis isolates identified were tested against Amikacin, Cefazolin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Cefoxitin using the disc diffusion method. All the isolates resistant to Cefoxitin were analysed for the presence of mecA gene using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: One hundred and twelve 112 (30.8%) strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from 363 samples collected. Out of 112 S. epidermidis isolates, 11 (9.8%) were found resistant to Cefoxitin and all Cefoxitin resistant isolates (100%) were found to have the mecA gene, while 89.3% of the strains were found non-susceptible to Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole. Conclusion: This study found that S. epidermidis is present on wards surfaces of KIU-TH. S. epidermidis isolates harboured Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole resistance in a high percent. All the isolates resistant to Cefoxitin were positive for the mecA gene. Taking into consideration the high rate of Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole non-susceptibility, Cefazolin, Cefoxitin, Gentamycin and Amikacin are recommended as a better prescription for managing infections caused by S. epidermidis resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the studied area.
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    Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria
    (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2019) Bashir, Alkali; Aliero, Adamu A.; Idris, Abdurrazak M.; Takalmawa, Hamisu U.; Faruk, Sarkinfada; Agwu, Ezera
    Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause serious health care associated complications in hospitalized patients. This leads to prolong hospital stay which increase cost to both healthcare provider and family of the patients. The study aimed at molecular characterisation of A. baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria. A total of 401 samples were collected from orthopedic and post-surgical wound infections, urine, urine catheters and nasal intubation. Acinetobacter spp was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of A. baumannii isolates were done using Phynotypic methods such as culture on Leed Acinetobacter medium, conventional biochemical tests and API 20NE. Suspect Acinetobacter species were further identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequence typing methods. Out of 401 samples collected 138 (34.4%) were positives by yield suspect bacterial isolates 14 (10.1%) of which were suspect A. baumannii. The results of confirmatory sequence typing of isolates showed that 9 (6.5%) of suspect Acinetobacter spp were A. baumannii. The result of susceptibility test showed that A. baumannii isolates were highly resistance to Ampicillin\ salbactam 13 (92.8%) and least resistance to Ciprofloxacin 2 (14.3%) and Amikacin 3 (21.4). The results of this finding showed presence of A. baumannii species resistant to conventional antibiotics and associated with prolonged duration of patients admission in the three studied hospitals. There is need for improved sanitary working condition and proper patients management to reduce the spread of this health care associated infection agent.
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    Phylogenetic analysis of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates from the urinary tract in Bushenyi district, Uganda using the new Clermont phylotyping method
    (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2020) Odoki, Martin; Aliero, Adamu A.; Tibyangye, Julius; Onkoba, Sarah K.; Bashir, Alkali; Maniga, Josephat N.; Eilu, Emmanuel; Wampande, Eddie; Kato, Charles D.; Agwu, Ezera; Bazira, Joel
    Due to the increasing rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the Enterobacteriaceae that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), selection of antimicrobial agents for empirical therapy is becoming a major challenge. This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles, multidrug resistance profiles, multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI), factors associated with MDR UTIs and the phylogenetic groups of MDR Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urinary tract among patients attending hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 86 bacterial uropathogens isolated from 267 study participants suspected to have UTIs were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method. Data for the factors associated with MDR were obtained by the use of questionnaires. Phylogenetic groups of the MDR E. coli were determined using the new Clermont method for phylotyping E. coli. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression statistical tools were used to determine phylogenetic groups, and assess for statistically significant relationship between MDR UTIs and factors suspected to be associated with MDR UTIs respectively. The isolates assigned as group B2 9/12 (75.0%), B1 2/5 (40.0%) and A 2/7 (28.6%) by using the old Clermont method could not be phylotyped using the new Clermont method and were grouped as non-typeable strains of E. coli. Our study demonstrated high prevalence of the non-typeable strains of MDR E. coli, we therefore recommend the use of modern DNA sequencing-based approaches which is the gold standard for genotyping bacteria, that this current study could not afford
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    Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections and Associated Factors among Patients Attending Hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda
    (International journal of microbiology, 2019) Aliero, Adamu A.; Odoki, Martin; Tibyangye, Julius; Maniga, Josephat N.; Wampande, Eddie; Kato, Charles D.; Agwu, Ezera
    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and comorbidities in patients with underlying conditions, and it accounts for the majority of the reasons for hospital visit globally. Sound knowledge of factors associated with UTI may allow timely intervention that can easily bring the disease under control. (is study was designed to determine the prevalence of UTI by isolating and characterizing the different bacterial etiological agents and to evaluate the factors associated with UTI. In this crosssectional study, a total of 267, clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using standard microbiology methods. Data for the factors associated with UTI were obtained by use of questionnaires and standard laboratory tests for selected underlying conditions. (e study revealed 86/267 (32.2%) UTI prevalence among patients attending hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with 36/86 (41.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 27/86 (31.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 10/86 (11.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca 6/86 (7.0%), Proteus mirabilis 3/86 (3.5%), Enterococcus faecalis 3/86 (3.5%), and Proteus vulgaris 1/86 (1.2%). (is study has demonstrated that age ≤19 years, female gender, married individuals, genitourinary tract abnormalities, diabetes, hospitalization, indwelling catheter <6 days, and indwelling catheter >6 days had statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) with UTI. Screening for UTI in hospitalized patients, female gender, married individuals, genitourinary tract abnormalities, indwelling catheter, and diabetics should be adopted
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    Prevalence of Dermatophytosis and Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Crude Leaf Extract of Tetradenia riparia against Dermatophytes Isolated from Patients Attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9328621
    (Dermatology research and practice, 2019) Kakande, Taufik; Batunge, Yonah; Eilu, Emmanuel; Shabohurira, Ambrose; Abimana, Justus; Adekunle Akinola, Saheed; Muhwezi, Reagan; Adam, Abubakar S.; Onkoba, Sarah K.; Aliero, Adamu A.
    Dermatophyte infections are a global health problem but neglected in Uganda. This work aimed at determining prevalence of dermatophytosis and antifungal activity of ethanolic crude leaf extract of Tetradenia riparia against dermatophytes isolated from patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH), Uganda. A total of 100 samples of skin and nail scrapings were collected and processed using standard microscopy (KOH) and cultural methods. T. riparia leaves were collected and processed with 95% ethanol using standard extraction method. The crude leaves ethanolic extract was tested against three dermatophytes: Trichophyton tonsurans, T. mentagrophyte, andMicrosporum audouinii using modified agar well diffusion method. Minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) andminimumfungicidal concentration (MFC) of the ethanolic leaves crude extractwere also determined using broth tube dilution and culture, respectively. Out of 100 samples collected, 49 (49%, 95%CI: 0.3930-0.5876) were found positive for microscopy. The prevalence of dermatophytosis was significantly (p=0.001) associated with age groups of participants with higher infection among those aged 11-20 and 21-30 years with 75.0% each. Out of the 49 that were positive by microscopy, 28 (57.15%, 95% CI: 0.1987-0.3739) were positive by culture. Thirty-one (31) fungal isolates were obtained which included both dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi. T. verrucosumhad highest distribution 6 (19.35%) among dermatophytes species while Aspergillus spp. were found to have highest distribution 7 (22.58%) among non-dermatophyte species.The result of the antidermatophytic test showed that T. riparia ethanolic crude leaves extract had activity against tested dermatophytes at 1 g/ml. MIC and MFC of the crude extract of T. riparia against tested dermatophytes ranged from62.5 to 250mg/ml and 125 to 500mg/ml, respectively.The findings of this study reported the presence of dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis among patients attending KIU-TH.The results of the current study showed that T. riparia leaves ethanolic crude extract has antidermatophytic activity against tested dermatophytes.
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    Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria
    (Pan African Medical Journal, 2019) Bashir, Alkali; Garba, Iliyasu; Aliero, Adamu A.; Kibiya, Abdurrazak; Abubakar, Muhammad H.; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Sarkinfada, Faruk; Agwu, Ezera
    superbugs are pathogenic micro-organism and especially a bacterium that has developed resistance to the medications normally used against it. As the superbug family increases, the need for appropriate diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control strategies cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this work determined the distribution of superbug bacteria among patients on prolonged hospital admissions in three tertiary hospitals of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods: a descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken among 401 patients from medical, surgery, orthopedic and burn centre wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Kano state. A sample collected comprises wound/pus, urine, urine catheter and nasal intubation and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for Acinetobacter spp and other related nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: one hundred and thirty eight (138) isolates were recovered, from the studied participants. More than 80% of the nosocomial infections (NIs) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebseilla spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomona spp and Acinetobacter spp. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that acinetobacter were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, perfloxacin and imipenem. Conclusion: Superbugs (Acinetobacter species) significantly contributed to delayed hospital admissions through observed 100% resistance to used antibiotics. The healthcare managers of these hospitals and the ministry of health need to take measures against this resistant bacteria (Acinetobacter spp) especially on prescribing antibiotics that showed 100% resistant from these studied hospitals.