Browsing by Author "Adyanga, Akena Francis"

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    Climate Change: An Obvious Phenomenon or Myth, in the African Context
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2024-06-04) Horace Muhamya; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Akena Francis
    Climate change is a global phenomenon of unprecedented consequence, engendering substantial scientific, political, and societal discourse. This literature review article offers an exploration of climate change perceptions and realities in the African context. It begins by establishing the unmistakable scientific consensus, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) serving as a primary authority. The review highlights robust evidence, including temperature trends, extreme weather events, and ecological impacts across the African continent, affirming climate change as an undeniable scientific phenomenon. However, the discourse surrounding climate change in Africa is not homogeneous. Dissenting arguments challenging climate change as a myth emphasize the variability in public perception, data limitations, and the complexities of attribution. These counterarguments reflect diverse perspectives, economic interests, and political inclinations, contributing to the multifaceted character of the climate change discussion. The implications of these findings are substantial, especially for a region highly susceptible to climate change impacts. Proactive measures for climate mitigation and adaptation are imperative to address the vulnerabilities experienced by communities, ecosystems, and economies. A multidisciplinary approach is underscored, recognizing climate change as an intricate challenge interwoven with economics, politics, and human behavior. The diversity of voices in this discourse emphasizes the need for ongoing research, collaborative efforts, and an inclusive approach to policy formulation. In navigating the complex terrain of climate change, unwavering commitment to scientific rigor, transparency, and sustainable solutions is paramount. This literature review contributes to the ongoing dialogue, providing a basis for further inquiry and informed decision-making. It has the potential to guide future investigations, shape public policy, and elevate awareness regarding the critical significance of addressing climate change in the African context and, by extension, the entire world. The findings presented here are a testament to the indispensable role of rigorous scholarship in comprehending and confronting one of the most pressing challenges of our time
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    Public-Private Partnership and Early Childhood Education in Kasese District, Uganda
    (East African Journal of Education Studies, 2024) Kategaya, Raymond Mwesigye; Adyanga, Akena Francis; Ocan, Johnson
    The article’s main purpose was to investigate the relationship between public-private partnership (PPP) and early childhood education in Kasese District, Uganda. The main objectives of the study were to establish the role played by public-private partnerships in making certain that children develop numerical skills and expressive communication abilities. The study was conducted through an Ex Post Facto design study design. The target population of the study was stakeholders for early childhood education in Kasese District, Western Uganda. To ensure fair representation, research subjects were selected from each stratum of stakeholders. The scholar thus used stratified and, later on, random sampling techniques. The sample selected had 312 respondents from an estimated total number of 1.417 ECD stakeholders in Kasese District. Primary data was collected by administering a questionnaire that was designed on a 5-point Likert Scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Face-to-face interviews and an observation checklist were also used in the collection of data. Data collected was presented and analysed with frequency distribution and percentages while the corresponding hypothesis was tested with Chi-square statistic at 0.05 alpha levels. It was found the PPP in ECDs helped in the improvement of numeracy among children. For instance, stakeholders’ work helped in improving children’s counting of fingers on one hand or even copying and drawing shapes amongst young ones. Similarly, respondents indicated that Policy Guideline Formulation due to PPP led children to sort objects by colour and shape. Also, results showed that PPP in ECD enhanced communication ability whereby children were able to put up two words together as per caregiver guidance. It also led a child to pay attention to a simple story being narrated and thereafter answer questions from the account. Similarly, it was also found that Institutional Factors for PPP supported expressive ability in children in that they were in a position to follow a simple command. Besides, the availability of suitable Home Environment Factors was also found to promote communication ability in children. Thus, the study concluded that public-private partnership plays a part in ensuring that children develop numerical concepts. It was also concluded that public-private partnership plays a role in making certain that children develop expressive communication abilities
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    Teachers' Competence as an Avenue for "Learning Through Play Pedagogy" in Preschools: A Case of Makindye Ssabagabo Division
    (East African Journal of Education Studies, 2024) Ngalonsa, Luciana; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Akena Francis
    he purpose of this study was to establish whether teacher competence can enhance the use of learning through play (LTP) pedagogy in preschools. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to; examine how teachers' knowledge of the strand matter influences the use of learning through play in preschools, to establish whether teachers' knowledge about learners influences the implementation of learning through play in preschool, and to assess teachers' pedagogical knowledge needed on the use of learning through play in pre- schools. The study was guided by scaffolding instruction as a teaching strategy from the social constructivist theory by Levy Vygotsky (1978). The study adopted a case study design. The study population comprised preschool class teachers, heads of sections, head teachers, and pupils in class observation. Purposive sampling was used to apportion individual members selected. Data was collected using the interview schedule, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and presented in narrative form. These techniques involved observing the study participants & behaviour and drawing conclusions based on their responses and actions in the way they engaged in incorporating the learning through play pedagogy. The main findings of the results highlighted and approved that some of the teachers were competent in using the learning through play pedagogy while others still used the teacher-centred approach. Teachers conducted play without a pre-conceived pedagogical purpose. Others still involved children in the learning process in the absence of play. Further investigation revealed that those doing it well had received continuous professional development support, unlike the rest. In terms of contribution, the research recommended pedagogical advancements by showcasing the benefits of learning through play. The novelty of the study concluded that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving ECD practices while using play in learning
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    The Implications of Online Banking on Financial Inclusion in Banking Institutions: A Literature Review
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-01-07) Gakuru, Edison; Adyanga, Akena Francis; Ocan, Johnson
    The study aimed at understanding the implications of online banking on financial inclusion in banking institutions: A literature review on challenges and opportunities. It presents the challenges and opportunities of online banking globally. This study utilized a literature review approach. A comprehensive search was conducted across various academic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions, Google Scholar, and JSTOR, yielding a total of 563 documents. The search was performed using keywords such as “online banking,” “financial inclusion,” “digital banking challenges,” “financial inclusion opportunities,” and “banking institutions.” Boolean operators (e.g., “AND,” “OR”) were used to refine search results and retrieve relevant literature. After filtering, 31 documents were selected for in-depth review based on relevance to the study’s objectives, as evidenced in the reference section. This was after the inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the selection of pertinent literature. It was revealed that online banking has transformative potential to advance financial inclusion by making financial services more accessible and affordable. However, it faces challenges that can hinder its impact, including limited digital literacy, high transaction fees, and inadequate infrastructure in certain regions. Therefore, financial institutions should also work to reduce transaction costs and simplify online banking interfaces to accommodate users with low digital skills. Collaboration with financial firms could provide innovative solutions to these issues and improve service delivery
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    Theoretical Perspective of Urban Farming and Food Security in Southwestern Uganda
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-04-09) Atuhaire, Mary Tibamanya; Adyanga, Akena Francis; Ocan, Johnson
    This study examined the potential of urban agriculture as a strategy to alleviate food insecurity among low-income households in urban areas of southwestern Uganda. As rapid urbanization challenges traditional food systems to meet increasing demand for affordable and nutritious food, urban agriculture offers a promising solution. By using limited urban spaces to grow crops, urban agriculture can increase food access and provide economic benefits. Drawing on secondary data from government reports, academic research, policy documents and case studies, the study examined the role of urban agriculture in improving food security, promoting community empowerment and generating income through market-oriented gardening. The study suggests that households practising urban farming have better access to diverse and nutritious foods compared to households in peri-urban and rural areas. However, constraints such as land scarcity, inadequate water management, limited technical knowledge and inadequate policy support hinder the full potential of urban agriculture. The study highlighted the need for integrated urban policies that support sustainable food systems and community-based agricultural programs. By promoting innovative farming techniques and optimizing the use of space, urban farming can serve as a scalable model for building resilient urban food systems in southwestern Uganda.
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    Theoretical Review of Pay Restructuring in Uganda's Public Service Health Sector
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2024-01-11) Olum, Samson; Adyanga, Akena Francis; Ocan, Johnson
    This article examines the impact of wage reforms on service delivery, financial stability, managerial efficiency and donor influence and focuses on the public health sector in Uganda. Like other reforming countries, Uganda also implemented salary structure reform for various reasons, but the most important ones were to pay civil servants a living wage, make remuneration transparent, align the salary structure with the single-spine structure and consequently increase the number of employees motivation and efficiency in service delivery. The study analysed research articles, policy documents, reports, and media coverage on pay changes for public health workers. Key findings show that the original goal of wage reforms, such as the single-spine structure, has not been achieved; several pay scale structures were reintroduced. Different service models are used to calculate wage. Similar cadres of civil servants receive different salary grades; and wage allocation receives more funding than other areas, such as development and supplies. The results suggest that salary increases affect allocations in other important areas but do not always result in public health workers' commitment to service. Compromise and negotiation have played an important role in public sector wage restructuring. A review of wage reforms implemented across Uganda's public sector will be based on the recommendations and issues addressed in this study. The study provides crucial benchmarks with regard to wage reform strategies that promote diversity in the public sector and the distribution of authorities. This study is unique because it focuses on wage restructuring in the public sector to align practices with policies. Although based on a review of relevant documents, it was conducted for the first time in Uganda
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    Water Service Delivery Issues and Challenges for the Urban Poor Zones in South Western Uganda
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2024-03-07) Muhamya, Horace; Ocan, Johnson; Adyanga, Akena Francis
    The article aims to examine the issues and challenges associated with providing water services to urban impoverished areas in South Western Uganda. The research methodology employed in this study involved conducting a comprehensive desktop study and literature review, systematically searching, and selecting peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and conference proceedings within a specified scope, using carefully chosen keywords and search criteria. After collating and evaluating the selected literature, a thorough synthesis was done to identify existing knowledge gaps and provide insights into the research questions under investigation. The main findings of the results highlight the need for integrated service models to expand water service delivery for the urban poor zones in southwestern Uganda. The study concludes that the problems addressed in this research and the suggestions presented provide the basis for improving water services to urban impoverished areas in South Western Uganda. This research will broaden service models for urban areas while also creating service models for locations with features of impoverished conditions. It is crucial to remember that households in urban cells were more likely to use improved water sources (including piped water on-premises), make regular payments for water, rely on shared sanitation facilities, and use manual sludge emptying services