Browsing by Author "Abaho, Ivan"

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    Dietary inclusion of pine pollen alters sex ratio and promotes growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758)
    (Aquaculture Reports, 2022) Abaho, Ivan; Akoll, Peter; Jones, Clifford L.W.; Masembe, Charles
    The potential of pine pollen (PP) to masculinize sexually undifferentiated Nile tilapia was evaluated by feeding graded levels of PP (0.08–3.20 g kg-1 basal diet) to triplicate groups of three-day-old Nile tilapia for 28 days. Masculinization and associated differences in growth were compared to fish individuals fed the same basal diet with no PP (CT; negative control) and with 0.06 g 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) kg-1 basal diet (positive control). Both PP and MT treatments significantly skewed the expected 50:50 (male: female) ratio towards more male individuals. Notably, MT and 1.28 g PP kg-1 of diet produced a significantly high proportion of males (89.2 ± 2.2% and 80.0 ± 2.9% respectively), compared to 50.8 ± 2.2% in the CT treatment (P < 0.001). Except for 0.08 g PP kg-1 of diet, the final body weight and specific growth rate of individuals fed PP and MT-supplemented feeds were significantly higher than fish from the CT group. Although 1.28 g PP kg-1 diet produced the highest masculinization, the fish fed 3.20 g PP kg-1 diet had the highest final weight (14.73 ± 0.54 g), suggesting the presence of growth enhancers in PP. Similarly, a superior feed conversion ratio was recorded in both PP and MTtreated groups compared to the CT treatment (P = 0.024). However, the condition factor and survival rate of fish in all groups did not differ significantly. Overall, 1.28 g PP kg-1 diet was potent in sex inversion and promoted the growth of Nile tilapia, making PP a promising alternative to MT in the production of all-male stock.
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    Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) under cage culture in Lake Albert, Uganda
    (International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2020) Abaho, Ivan; Zaabwe, Thaddeus; Izaara, Andrew; Kasigwa, Howard N.; Mushabe, Norman; Byenkya, Steven; Nkambo, Mujibu; Baguma, Sylvester D.; Hafashimana, David L. N.; Efitre, Jackson
    In Uganda fish is a great source of animal dietary protein, however, natural stocks continue to decline. Therefore, aquaculture provides a viable option to bridge the increasing fish supply-demand gap. Accordingly, a study was conducted from March to August 2016 to investigate the effect of stocking density on the growth performance, and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in floating netcages to contribute to aquaculture production in Uganda. Nile tilapia fingerlings, with an average weight of 4.07 g were stocked in 8 m3 cages at three different stocking densities; 200, 250, and 300 fish/m3, and fed on a locally formulated commercial feed for 180 days. At the end of the experimental period, results showed that fish stocked at lower densities were heavier than those stocked at higher densities. The mean final weights of fish were; 150.79±85.71, 127.82±68.43 and 118.73±49.29 g in cages stocked with 200, 250 and 300 fish/m3, respectively. The mean final weight in lower density (200 fish /m3) treatments was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of higher density (300 fish/m3) treatments. The mean relative condition factor of fish ranged from 1.02 to 1.06, but was not significantly different (P>0.05) among the stocking densities. Survival rate and stocking density were negatively correlated. The best survival rate (94.19%) was obtained in low stocked cages (200 fish/m3) compared to 92.98% in highly stocked cages (300 fish/m3). The results of this study suggest that 200 fish/m3 of a cage, is the best stocking density in terms of fish growth parameters.
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    Prospects of Cage Fish Farming in South Western Uganda
    (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2018) Kwikiriza, Gerald; Mwesigwa, Tony; Barekye, Alex; Abaho, Ivan; Rwaheru Aheisibwe, Ambrose; Mwesige, Rose
    The study was conducted to identify the constraints and potential opportunities of cage fish farming in South Western Highland Agro-Ecological Zone (SWHAEZ). 82 questionnaires were administered to six respondent groups (current cage fish farmers, potential adopters of cage aquaculture, farmers who have abandoned cage aquaculture, regional and district fisheries officers, and financial institutions) to obtain insight into the challenges in cage fish farming as well as opportunities that can be exploited to promote cage fish farming. People in relevant government institutions were also interviewed. Primary results show that lack of funds and lack of government extension services are key challenges in cage fish farming. Lack of funds incapacitates farmers’ failure to get aquaculture inputs like feed. It also accounted for the inability of potential adopters and farmers who have abandoned cage aquaculture to start or continue cage aquaculture respectively. Major opportunities identified include; availability of the market for the fish, willingness of the financial institutions to offer loans at a cheaper interest rate, availability of the extension services at the sub-county level. Our preliminary recommendations is that the government can also provide subsidies to most expensive inputs like feeds, seine-net, water testing kits and construction costs for aquaculture. There is need to empower and build capacity for the extension workers through improved good management practices like feed and feeding and record keeping.
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    The use of plant extracts to control tilapia reproduction: Current status and future perspectives
    (Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 2022) Abaho, Ivan; Masembe, Charles; Akoll, Peter; Jones, Clifford L. W.
    Control of prolific reproduction is vital for a profitable tilapia aquaculture enterprise. All-male tilapia culture is a popular method used to control prolific breeding, because the male individuals grow faster than female and mixed-sex populations. Presently, most farmers use 17α-methyl testosterone (MT) to produce all-male tilapia individuals, although synthetic hormones are linked to human health and environmental risks. Recently, considerable attention has focused on plant-based products as alternatives to MT, because they are affordable, safe, and eco-friendly. Despite the growing interest in using plant extracts to prevent frequent spawning in tilapia production, the available information is not collated to standardize application guidelines. Accordingly, this review article consolidates existing knowledge on the use of plant extracts to control prolific breeding in tilapia culture systems. In addition, limitations to commercial application of the extracts are identified. To date, seed, root, and leaf extracts of 20 plant species, most notably, Tribulus terrestris, Mucuna pruriens, and Carica papaya, exhibit potential for controlling unwanted breeding in tilapia production systems. The extracts are mainly administered orally, incorporated in fish feeds. Saponins and flavanoids are the main bioactive compounds in the phytoextracts, which induce sex inversion and fertility impairment in tilapia. The commercialization of plant extracts is, however, hampered by lack of standardized information on extract preparation, optimal dosages, and mechanism of action. Thus, future studies should address these technical limitations and highlight economic incentives for commercial use of plant extracts in tilapia aquaculture.