Bibangambah, ProssyHemphill, Linda C.Acan, MosesTsai, Alexander C.Sentongo, Ruth N.Kim, June‑HoYang, Isabelle T.Siedner, Mark J.Okello, Samson2022-04-292022-04-292021Bibangambah, P., Hemphill, L. C., Acan, M., Tsai, A. C., Sentongo, R. N., Kim, J. H., ... & Okello, S. (2021). Prevalence and correlates of carotid plaque in a mixed HIV-serostatus cohort in Uganda. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02416-5https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02416-5https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/2936The extent to which the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is increased among people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa remains unknown. Setting: Cross-sectional analysis nested within the Ugandan Noncommunicable Diseases and Aging Cohort, including PLWH in rural Uganda > 40 years taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 3 years, and a population-based control group of HIV-uninfected age- and sex-matched persons. Methods: We conducted carotid ultrasonography and collected ACVD risk factor data. Our outcome of interest was carotid plaque, defined as > 1.5 mm thickness from the intima-lumen interface to the media-adventitia interface. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to estimate correlates of carotid plaque including HIV-specific and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Results: We enrolled 155 (50.2%) PLWH and 154 (49.8%) HIV-uninfected comparators, with a mean age of 51.4 years. Among PLWH, the median CD4 count was 433 cells/mm3 and 97.4% were virologically suppressed. Carotid plaque prevalence was higher among PLWH (8.4% vs 3.3%). HIV infection (aOR 3.90; 95% CI 1.12–13.60) and current smokers (aOR 6.60; 95% CI 1.22–35.80) had higher odds of carotid plaque, whereas moderate (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01–1.55) and vigorous intensity of physical activity (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.07–1.52) were associated with decreased odds of carotid plaque. Conclusion: In rural Uganda, PLWH have higher prevalence of carotid plaque compared to age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected comparators. Future work should explore how biomedical and lifestyle modifications might reduce atherosclerotic burden among PLWH in the region.enHIVCarotid intima media thicknessCarotid plaqueAtherosclerosisCardiovascular diseaseArticle