Obermeyer, Carla M.Neuman, MelissaHardon, AnitaDesclaux, AliceWanyenze, RhodaKy-Zerbo, OdetteNamakhoma, IreenCherutich, Peter2021-12-112021-12-112013Obermeyer, C. M., Neuman, M., Hardon, A., Desclaux, A., Wanyenze, R., Ky‐Zerbo, O., ... & Namakhoma, I. (2013). Socio‐economic determinants of HIV testing and counselling: a comparative study in four A frican countries. Tropical medicine & international health, 18(9), 1110-1118.doi:10.1111/tmi.1215510.1111/tmi.12155https://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/316Research indicates that individuals tested for HIV have higher socio-economic status than those not tested, but less is known about how socio-economic status is associated with modes of testing. We compared individuals tested through provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC), those tested through voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and those never tested. methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at health facilities in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda, as part of the Multi-country African Testing and Counselling for HIV (MATCH) study. A total of 3659 clients were asked about testing status, type of facility of most recent test and socio-economic status. Two outcome measures were analysed: ever tested for HIV and mode of testing. We compared VCT at stand-alone facilities and PITC, which includes integrated facilities where testing is provided with medical care, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) facilities. The determinants of ever testing and of using a particular mode of testing were analysed using modified Poisson regression and multinomial logistic analyses. results Higher socio-economic status was associated with the likelihood of testing at VCT rather than other facilities or not testing. There were no significant differences in socio-economic characteristics between those tested through PITC (integrated and PMTCT facilities) and those not tested. conclusions Provider-initiated modes of testing make testing accessible to individuals from lower socio-economic groups to a greater extent than traditional VCT. Expanding testing through PMTCT reduces socio-economic obstacles, especially for women. Continued efforts are needed to encourage testing and counselling among men and the less affluent.enHIVtestingsub-Saharan Africasocio-economicvoluntary counselling and testing, provider-initiated testing and counsellingArticle