IGAD Center for Pastoral Areas & Livestock Development (ICPALD)2022-06-052022-06-052017https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/3731The understanding and implementation of animal welfare concepts in different countries and regions has been described as a journey in which countries, regions, and even continents are at different stages at any one time. For instance, the drivers of animal welfare in Africa have been quite different from those in Europe, America, or Asia. However, with globalization, especially of trade, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has had to establish standards for animal welfare that meet sanitary requirements and animal sentience.enOther