Lindstrand, AnnKalyango, JoanAlfveÂn, TobiasDarenberg, JessicaKadobera, DanielBwanga, FreddiePeterson, StefanHenriques- Normark, BirgittaKaÈllander, Karin2022-08-102022-08-102016Lindstrand A, Kalyango J, AlfveÂn T, Darenberg J, Kadobera D, Bwanga F, et al. (2016) Pneumococcal Carriage in Children under Five Years in Uganda±Will Present Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Be Appropriate? PLoS ONE 11 (11): e0166018. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.016601810.1371/journal. pone.0166018https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/4267Pneumonia is the major cause of death in children globally, with more than 900,000 deaths annually in children under five years of age. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes most deaths, most often in the form of community acquired pneumonia. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are currently being implemented in many low-income countries. PCVs decrease vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage, a prerequisite for invasive pneumococcal disease, and thereby affects pneumococcal disease and transmission. In Uganda, PCV was launched in 2014, but baseline data is lacking for pneumococcal serotypes in carriage. Objectives To study pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and serotype distribution in children under 5 years of age prior to PCV introduction in Uganda Methods Three cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage surveys were conducted in 2008, 2009 and 2011, comprising respectively 150, 587 and 1024 randomly selected children aged less than five years from the Iganga/Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. The caretakers were interviewed about illness history of the child and 1723 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected. From these, 927 isolates of S. pneumoniae were serotyped.enPneumococcal CarriageChildrenUgandaPneumococcal Conjugate VaccinesPneumococcal Carriage in Children under Five Years in Uganda- Will Present Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Be Appropriate?Article