Kong, XiangrongKigozi, GodfreySsekasanvu, JosephNalugoda, FredNakigozi, GertrudeNdyanabo, AnthonyLutalo, TomReynolds, Steven J.Ssekubugu, RobertKagaayi, JosephBugos, EvaChang, Larry W.Nanlesta, PilgrimMary, GrabowskiBerman, AmandaQuinn, Thomas C.Serwadda, DavidWawer, Maria J.Gray, Ronald H.2022-03-112022-03-112016Kong, X., Kigozi, G., Ssekasanvu, J., Nalugoda, F., Nakigozi, G., Ndyanabo, A., ... & Gray, R. H. (2016). Association of medical male circumcision and antiretroviral therapy scale-up with community HIV incidence in Rakai, Uganda. Jama, 316(2), 182-190. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.729210.1001/jama.2016.7292https://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/2677Randomized trials have shown that medical male circumcision( MMC)reduces maleHIVacquisition by50% to 60%,1-3 and that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV transmission by more than90%in HIV-discordant couples.4Mathematical modeling suggests that these interventions could mitigate the HIV epidemic in sub- Saharan Africa,5-7 but there is limited empirical evidence for the population-level effects of these interventions on HIV incidence in real-world programs. MMC provides direct protection against male HIV acquisition by removing the foreskin, which is rich in HIV target cells.8-10 The potential effect ofMMCon population-level HIV incidence depends on this biological effect, the level ofMMC coverage, risk profiles ofmenacceptingMMC,and whether behavioral disinhibition occurs following circumcision.enMedical Male CircumcisionAntiretroviral TherapyCommunityArticle