Turyahabwe, StaviaBamuloba, MuzamiruMugenyi, LevicatusAmanya, GeoffreyByaruhanga, RaymondImoko, Joseph FryNakawooya, MabelWalusimbi, SimonNidoi, JasperBurua, AldomoroSekadde, MoorineMuttamba, WintersArinaitwe, MosesHenry, LuzzeKengonzi, RoseMudiope, MaryKirenga, Bruce J2024-09-172024-09-172024-06Turyahabwe, Stavia, Muzamiru Bamuloba, Levicatus Mugenyi, et al. 'Community Tuberculosis Screening, Testing and Care, Uganda', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 102/no. 6, (2024), pp. 400-409.ISSN 0042-9686, 1564-0604EISSN 1564-0604https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/9622To assess the effectiveness of a community-based tuberculosis and leprosy intervention in which village health teams and health workers conduct door-to-door tuberculosis screening, targeted screenings and contact tracing. We conducted a before-and-after implementation study in Uganda to assess the effectiveness of the community tuberculosis intervention by looking at reach, outputs, adoption and effectiveness of the intervention. Campaign 1 was conducted in March 2022 and campaign 2 in September 2022. We calculated percentages of targets achieved and compared case notification rates during the intervention with corresponding quarters in the previous year. We also assessed the leprosy screening. Over 5 days, campaign 1 screened 1 289 213 people (2.9% of the general population), of whom 179 144 (13.9%) fulfilled the presumptive tuberculosis criteria, and 4043 (2.3%) were diagnosed with bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis; 3710 (91.8%) individuals were linked to care. In campaign 2, 5 134 056 people (11.6% of the general population) were screened, detecting 428 444 (8.3%) presumptive tuberculosis patients and 8121 (1.9%) bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis patients; 5942 individuals (87.1%) were linked to care. The case notification rate increased from 48.1 to 59.5 per 100 000 population in campaign 1, with a case notification rate ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.22-1.26). In campaign 2, the case notification rate increased from 45.0 to 71.6 per 100 000 population, with a case notification rate ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.56-1.62). Of the 176 patients identified with leprosy, 137 (77.8%) initiated treatment. This community tuberculosis screening initiative is effective. However, continuous monitoring and adaptations are needed to overcome context-specific implementation challenges. MEDLINEenArticle