Serwadda, DavidGray, Ronald H.Sewankambo, Nelson K.Wabwire-Mangen, FredCheng, Michael Z.Quinn, Thomas C.Lutalo, TomKiwanuka, NoahKigozi, GodfreyNalugoda, FredMeehan, Mary P.Morrow, Rhoda A.Wawer, Maria J.2022-03-112022-03-112003Serwadda, D., Gray, R. H., Sewankambo, N. K., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Chen, M. Z., Quinn, T. C., ... & Wawer, M. J. (2003). Human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in Rakai, Uganda. The Journal of infectious diseases, 188(10), 1492-1497.https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/188/10/1492/920125https://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/2669To assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (GUD) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent HIV seroconversion and 496 HIV-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted at 10-month intervals: visit 1, before HIV acquisition; visit 2, after seroconversion; and visit 3, 10 months after detection of seroconversion. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for HIV acquisition, were estimated by logistic regression. HIV load was measured by RNA–polymerase chain reaction, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) serologic testing used HerpeSelect EIA with Western blot confirmation. The OR of HSV-2 seropositivity associated with HIV acquisition was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2–2.4). Prevalence of GUD was increased among case subjects, at visits 2 (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9– 5.3) and 3 (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–3.9). HIV load was increased in HSV-2–seropositive case subjects, compared with that in HSV-2–seronegative subjects, at 5 (Pp.04) and 15 (Pp.02) months after seroconversion. HIV acquisition is associated with HSV-2 seropositivity, and GUD is increased after seroconversion. HIV load is increased in HSV-2–positive subjects who seroconverted, suggesting a role for treatment of HSV-2 infection in HSV-2–seropositive, dually infected individuals.enHIV acquisitionseroconversionGenital Ulcer DiseaseArticle