Kaleebu, PontianoFrench, NeilMahe, CedricYirrell, DavidWatera, ChristineLyagoba, FredNakiyingi, JessicaRutebemberwa, AlleluiahMorgan, DilysWeber, JonathanGilks, CharlesWhitworth, Jimmy2022-01-032022-01-032002Kaleebu, P., French, N., Mahe, C., Yirrell, D., Watera, C., Lyagoba, F., ... & Whitworth, J. (2002). Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope subtypes A and D on disease progression in a large cohort of HIV-1—positive persons in Uganda. The Journal of infectious diseases, 185(9), 1244-1250.https://doi.org/10.1086/340130https://nru.uncst.go.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/983The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope subtypes A and D on disease progression was investigated in 1045 adults in Uganda. At enrollment and every 6 months, a clinical history, examination, and laboratory investigations that included CD4 cell counts were done. HIV-1 envelope subtype was assessed mainly by peptide serology supplemented by heteroduplex mobility assay and DNA sequencing. A multivariate analysis of survival was performed to assess the prognostic value of HIV-1 subtype on death. A marginal general linear model also determined the effect of subtype on CD4 cell count during follow-up. Subtype D was associated with faster progression to death (relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.56; P ¼ .009) and with a lower CD4 cell count during follow-up (P ¼ .001), compared with subtype A, after adjusting for CD4 cell count at enrollment. In Africa, envelope subtype D is associated with faster disease progression, compared with subtype AenHIVAfricaCD4 count dterminationDisease progressionFollow upHIV-1sequence analysisArticle