Mayamba, AlexIsabirye, Brian E.Byamungu, Robert M.Nakiyemba, AliceIsabirye, Moses2022-11-142022-11-142020Mayamba, A., Broecke, B. V., Leirs, H., Isabirye, B. E., Byamungu, R. M., Nakiyemba, A., ... & Mulungu, L. S. (2020). Fitness of the pestiferous small rodent Mastomys natalensis in an agroecosystem in Mayuge district, Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda. Mammalia, 84(4), 344-353.https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0101https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/5228A 2.5-year study was conducted to understand the fitness of Mastomys natalensis in an agroecosystem in relationship with environmental predictors. The study was conducted in Mayuge district, in the Lake Victoria Crescent zone in Eastern Uganda. Fitness was measured in terms of survival, maturation and capture probability and estimated using multi-event capture-recapture models. Survival rates were higher after high rainfall in the previous month and increased with increasing population density of the animals. Maturation rate, on the other hand, showed no significant association with any predictor variables, while capture probability was significantly associated with sex of the animals, with higher capture probability for males. The results demonstrate that the fitness of M. natalensis in an agroecosystem is dependent on rainfall, sex and current population density. The aforementioned results were associated with increasing vegetation which provides cover for animal nesting and abundant food for the animals during rainfall periods and thus increased survival, high mobility in males in search for mates thus exposing animals to high chances of being captured and increased prey saturation at high population density resulting in high animal survival. These results have important implications for the timing of management strategies, i.e. control efforts should be enforced during the rainfall seasons to prevent high population buildup in the succeeding seasons.encapture-recapture; Mastomys natalensis; maturation estimates; multistate model; survivalArticle