Masa, JustusZhao, AnqiXia, WeiMuhler, MartinSchuhmann, Wolfgang2022-11-162022-11-162013Masa, J., Zhao, A., Xia, W., Sun, Z., Mei, B., Muhler, M., & Schuhmann, W. (2013). Trace metal residues promote the activity of supposedly metal-free nitrogen-modified carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochemistry communications, 34, 113-116.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2013.05.0321388-2481https://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/5275We show in this study that the presence of trace metal residues in some supposedly metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction, at concentrations which are difficult to detect using conventional methods such as XPS and EDX, can profoundly promote the ORR activity of the catalysts.enMetal-free catalysts; Metal residues; Oxygen reduction; Nitrogen-modified carbon catalystsArticle