Browsing by Author "Daivadanam, Meena"

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    Can Self-Determination Explain Dietary Patterns Among Adults at Risk of or with Type 2 Diabetes? A Cross-Sectional Study in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Areas in Stockholm
    (Nutrients, 2020) Oumrait, Nuria Güil; Daivadanam, Meena; Absetz, Pilvikki; Guwatudde, David; Berggreen-Clausen, Aravinda; Alvesson, Helle Mölsted; De Man, Jeroen; Annerstedt, Kristi Sidney
    Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern in Sweden, where prevalence rates have been increasing in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is posited as an optimal framework to build interventions targeted to improve and maintain long-term healthy habits preventing and delaying the onset of T2D. However, research on SDT, T2D and diet has been widely overlooked in socio-economically disadvantaged populations. This study aims to identify the main dietary patterns of adults at risk of and with T2D from two socio-economically disadvantaged Stockholm areas and to determine the association between those patterns and selected SDT constructs (relatedness, autonomy motivation and competence). Cross-sectional data of 147 participants was collected via questionnaires. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to identify participants’ main dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess associations between the SDT and diet behaviours, and path analysis was used to explore mediations. Two dietary patterns (healthy and unhealthy) were identified. Competence construct was most strongly associated with healthy diet. Autonomous motivation and competence mediated the e ect of relatedness on diet behaviour. In conclusion, social surroundings can promote adults at high risk of or with T2D to sustain healthy diets by supporting their autonomous motivation and competence.
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    The Process Evaluation of a Comparative Controlled Trial to Support Self-management for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Uganda, South Africa and Sweden in the SMART2D Project.
    (Research Square, 2021) Olmen, Josefien van; Absetz, Pilvikki; Mayega, Roy William; Timm, Linda; Delobelle, Peter; Molsted-Alvesson, Helle; Naggayi, Gloria; Kasujja, Francis; Hassen, Mariam; Man, Jeroen De; Sidney-Annersted, Kristi; Puoane, Thandi; Ostenson, Claes-Goran; Tomson, Göran; Guwatudde, David; Daivadanam, Meena
    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications are increasing rapidly. Support for healthy lifestyle and self-management is paramount, but not adequately implemented in health systems in most countries. Process evaluations facilitate understanding why and how interventions work through analysing the interaction between intervention theory, implementation and context. The SMART2D project implemented and evaluated community-based support interventions for persons at high risk of or having T2D in a rural community in Uganda, an urban township in South Africa, and socio-economically disadvantaged urban communities in Sweden. This study presents comprehensive analyses of the implementation process and interaction with context. Methods. This paper reports implementation process outcomes across the three sites, guided by the MRC framework for complex intervention process evaluations and focusing on the three community strategies (peer support program; care companion; and link between facility care and community support). Data were collected through observations of peer support group meetings using a structured guide, and semistructured interviews with project managers, implementers and participants. Results. The countries focused their in-depth implementation in accordance with the feasibility and relevance in the context. In Uganda and Sweden, the implementation focused on the peer support intervention whereas in South Africa, it centred around the CC part. The community-facility link received the least attention in the implementation. Continuous capacity building received a lot of attention, but intervention reach, dose delivered and fidelity varied substantially. Intervention- and context-related barriers affected participation. The analysis revealed how context shaped the possibilities of implementation, the delivery and participation and affected the mechanism of impact. Conclusions. Identification of the key uncertainties and conditions facilitates focus and efficient use of resources in process evaluations, and context relevant findings. The use of an overarching framework allows to collect cross-contextual evidence and a flexibility in evaluation design to adapt to the complex nature of the intervention. When designing an intervention, it is crucial to consider aspects of the implementing organization or structure, absorptive capacity, and to thoroughly assess and discuss implementation feasibility, capacity and organizational context with the implementation team and recipients. These recommendations are important for implementation and scale up.
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    SMART2D—development and contextualization of community strategies to support self-management in prevention and control of type 2 diabetes in Uganda, South Africa, and Sweden
    (Translational Behavioral Medicine,, 2020) Absetz, Pilvikki; Olmen, Josefien Van; Guwatudde, David; Puoane, Thandi; Alvesson, Helle Mölsted; Delobelle, Peter; Mayega, Roy; Kasujja, Francis; Naggayi, Gloria; Timm, Linda; Hassen, Mariam; Aweko, Juliet; Man, Jeroen De; Ahlgren, Jhon Álvarez; Annerstedt, Kristi Sidney; Daivadanam, Meena
    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications are increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, as well as among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in high-income countries. Support for healthy lifestyle and self-management is paramount but not well implemented in health systems, and there is need for knowledge on how to design and implement interventions that are contextualized and patient centered and address special needs of disadvantaged population groups. The SMART2D project implements and evaluates a lifestyle and self-management intervention for participants recently diagnosed with or being at increased risk for T2D in rural communities in Uganda, an urban township in South Africa, and socioeconomically disadvantaged urban communities in Sweden. Our aim was to develop an intervention with shared key functions and a good fit with the local context, needs, and resources. The intervention program design was conducted in three steps facilitated by a coordinating team: (a) situational analysis based on the SMART2D Self-Management Framework and definition of intervention objectives and core strategies; (b) designing generic tools for the strategies; and (c) contextual translation of the generic tools and their delivery. This article focuses on community strategies to strengthen support from the social and physical environment and to link health care and community support. Situational analyses showed that objectives and key functions addressing mediators from the SMART2D framework could be shared. Generic tools ensured retaining of functions, while content and delivery were highly contextualized. Phased, collaborative approach and theoretical framework ensured that key functions were not lost in contextualization, also allowing for cross-comparison despite flexibility with other aspects of the intervention between the sites.
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    Study protocol for the SMART2D adaptive implementation trial: a cluster randomised trial comparing facility-only care with integrated facility and community care to improve type 2 diabetes outcomes in Uganda, South Africa and Sweden
    (BMJ Open, 2018) Guwatudde, David; Absetz, Pilvikki; Delobelle, Peter; Östenson, Claes-Göran; Olmen Van, Josefien; Molsted Alvesson, Helle; Mayega, Roy William; Ekirapa Kiracho, Elizabeth; Kiguli, Juliet; Sundberg, Carl Johan; Sanders, David; Tomson, Göran; Puoane, Thandi; Peterson, Stefan; Daivadanam, Meena
    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly contributing to the global burden of disease. Health systems in most parts of the world are struggling to diagnose and manage T2D, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and among disadvantaged populations in high-income countries. The aim of this study is to determine the added benefit of community interventions onto health facility interventions, towards glycaemic control among persons with diabetes, and towards reduction in plasma glucose among persons with prediabetes. Methods and analysis An adaptive implementation cluster randomised trial is being implemented in two rural districts in Uganda with three clusters per study arm, in an urban township in South Africa with one cluster per study arm, and in socially disadvantaged suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden with one cluster per study arm. Clusters are communities within the catchment areas of participating primary healthcare facilities. There are two study arms comprising a facility plus community interventions arm and a facility-only interventions arm. Uganda has a third arm comprising usual care. Intervention strategies focus on organisation of care, linkage between health facility and the community, and strengthening patient role in selfmanagement, community mobilisation and a supportive environment. Among T2D participants, the primary outcome is controlled plasma glucose; whereas among prediabetes participants the primary outcome is reduction in plasma glucose.
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    Using a cross-contextual reciprocal learning approach in a multisite implementation research project to improve self-management for type 2 diabetes
    (BMJ Glob Health, 2018) Olmen, Josefien van ,; Olmen, Josefien van; Delobelle, Peter; Guwatudde, David; Absetz, Pilvikki; Sanders, David; Mölsted Alvesson, Helle; Puoane, Thandi; Ostenson, Claes-Goran; Tomson, Göran; Mayega, Roy William; Sundberg, Carl Johan; Peterson, Stefan; Daivadanam, Meena
    This paper reports on the use of reciprocal learning for identifying, adopting and adapting a type 2 diabetes self-management support intervention in a multisite implementation trial conducted in a rural setting in a low-income country (Uganda), a periurban township in a middle-income country (South Africa) and socioeconomically disadvantaged suburbs in a highincome country (Sweden). The learning process was guided by a framework for knowledge translation and structured into three learning cycles, allowing for a balance between evidence, stakeholder interaction and contextual adaptation. Key factors included commitment, common goals, leadership and partnerships. Synergistic outcomes were the cocreation of knowledge, interventions and implementation methods, including reverse innovations such as adaption of community-linked models of care. Contextualisation was achieved by cross-site exchanges and local stakeholder interaction to balance intervention fidelity with local adaptation. Interdisciplinary and crosssite collaboration resulted in the establishment of learning networks. Limitations of reciprocal learning relate to the complexity of the process with unpredictable outcomes and the limited generalisability of results.
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    What Motivates People With (Pre)Diabetes to Move? Testing Self-Determination Theory in Rural Uganda
    (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020) De Man, Jeroen; Wouters, Edwin; Absetz, Pilvikki; Daivadanam, Meena; Naggayi, Gloria; Kasujja, Francis Xavier; Remmen, Roy; Guwatudde, David; Olmen, Josefien Van
    Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a rapid growth of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related burden. Regular physical activity (PA) is a successful prevention strategy but is challenging to maintain. Self-determination theory (SDT) posits that more autonomous forms of motivation are associated with more sustainable behavior change. Evidence to support this claim is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to explore the relationships between latent constructs of autonomous and controlled motivation, perceived competence, perceived relatedness, PA behavior, and glycemic biomarkers. Methods: Structural equation modeling was applied to cross-sectional data from a rural Ugandan population (N = 712, pre-diabetes = 329, diabetes = 383). Outcome measures included self-reported moderate and vigorous PA, pedometer counts, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Results: Our findings support SDT, but also suggest that different types of motivation regulate different domains and intensities of PA. Higher frequency of vigorous PA – which was linked to a lower HbA1C and FPG – was predicted by autonomous motivation (β = 0.24) but not by controlled motivation (β = −0.05). However, we found no association with moderate PA frequency nor with pedometer counts. Perceived competence and perceived relatedness predicted autonomous motivation. Autonomous motivation functioned as a mediator between those needs and PA behavior. Conclusion: This is the first study providing evidence for a SDT model explaining PA among people at risk of, or living with, T2D in a rural sub-Saharan African setting. Our findings suggest that individuals who experience genuine support from friends or family and who feel competent in doing vigorous PA can become motivated through identification of health benefits of PA as their own goals. This type of motivation resulted in a higher frequency of vigorous PA and better glycemic biomarkers. On the other hand, people who felt more motivated through pressure from others or through feelings of guilt or shame were not more engaged in PA.